Evidence of Erosion

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Evidence of Wind & Water Erosion on the Surface of Mars

The "Canals" of Mars? No. But our forefathers weren't all that incorrect...

Mars

NASA

 

As it turns out, the astronomers and fiction writers of the past centuries would have been remarkably accurate had they written about the ancient rivers, canyons, and gullies of Mars, instead of "canals". Within the past twenty years, the acquisition of abundant high-resolution photographic imagery from low orbit has yielded compelling evidence of the impact of wind and water erosion on the Martian surface. Public access to this intriguing photographic database has been made easy via the Internet, thanks to the hard-working scientists at NASA, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Malin Space Science Systems, among others. From these public domain sources, Vision Exploration has collected a few compelling images that illustrate the inexorable forces of erosion that have reshaped much of the surface of the Red Planet. From a geological perspective, Mars represents a compelling subject to study, free from the camouflaging cover of vegetation, urban areas, and clouds (aside from the occasional dust storm). Regardless of locale, the erosional forces that reshape the surface of the planets and moons in our Solar System are universal in nature, and fascinating to observe.

Provided below is a photographic gallery of selected Mars images. To study more images of the surface of Mars, we highly recommend the Mars Global Surveyor / Mars Orbiter Camera website, from which these images were first obtained.  You will find that website to contain a comprehensive library of Mars photographs. All of the images shown are in the public domain. Simply click on a "thumbnail" to view a full-sized image; then click the "Back to Photo Gallery" button at the bottom of each image to return to the Photo Gallery shown below, or simply scroll up or down through the Photo Gallery until you find the picture that you want to observe.

       

Breached Crater

Fan Gulleys

Gorge & Craters

Parallel Streams

Crater Headwaters
       
Weathered Fracture Eroded Craters Dunes Wide Canyon Mesas
     

O.K., we concede the picture shown to the immediate left doesn't highlight wind or water erosion. But we liked it so much, we decided to include it in this photographic montage.

Star Gulleys Breached Volcano Volcano in Crater

Breached Crater Wall

In this photograph, one surmises that the crater at the top of the image had become entirely filled with water that eventually breached the crater wall and cut a narrow canyon, draining perhaps a fifth of the crater's original volume of water.  This canyon appears to empty into a broad "floodplain" with dendritic drainage patterns running perpendicular to the canyon.

Gulleys Cut Into Alluvial Fans

Note the prominent gulleys that have cut through thick alluvial fans along the edge of a strikingly linear escarpment (itself probably the result of faulting).  Note the stream beds atop the plateau.

River Gorge Flanking Weathered Craters

A prominent gorge is visible to the right of a multi-crater impact event that appears to have "weathered" (dust-covered?) crater perimeters and an intriguing fracture system associated with structural failure of the inner crater walls.  The gorge is widest where it cuts across old craters.

Two Parallel Fluvial Systems

The fluvial system shown at right is a complex stream bed fed by numerous dendritic tributaries.  In contrast, the prominent canyon on the left appears to have been cut by a single, larger river.

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